Tag Archives: tn visa

US Immigration & Employment Trends 2009

Whether you are searching for job and want to be sponsored on an H1B visa, E3 visa, L1 visa, TN visa, J1 visa, H2B visa, F1 Visa OPT, Green Card or indeed any other US Visa, it is important to be wary of current migration and employment trends within the United States to know where to best find a job.

Of course many people on the US visas we mention above have been laid off in 2009 and have since found subsequent employment. And others, despite the gloomy economic climate, have continued to search for employment and sponsorship from within the US and from afar.

Now as 2009 is drawing to a close we can look at some of the recent patterns and movements of people (both US citizens and immigrants) to different parts of the country in search of better opportunities. As we write this today, the most recent US unemployment rate is hovering just above the 10% mark, which is at a level not seen for close to 30 years. On top of that what many believe the true unemployment rate to be given many people have been forced to settle for part-time work or have given up look entirely, is closer to the 17% mark.

Now a recent New York Times interactive unemployment chart we highlighted shows that this unemployment is not distributed equally and that if you are college or even higher educated and in certain age brackets, the rates for your demographic is far lower. Given the typical immigrant to the US is highly educated and under 40, the employment prospects are far brighter.

What we haven’t illustrated before is the geographical changes as a result of this nearly 2 year long recession we have experienced in the US. In 2009 for example;

  • Texas (already the 2nd largest state in the US) received the greatest population growth in 2009, adding 478,000 new people
  • Texas’ population is now 24.8 million and has continued a trend for most of this decade leading the US in population growth
  • About half of the 2008-09 population growth in Texas was due to migrants both US based from other states and foreigners from overseas or previously residing in other US states
  • Texas only went into recession itself in mid 2008 a full 6 months after the US as a whole did in December 2007
  • Texas’ unemployment rate remained at least one full point below the US during most of this recession and currently is at around 8% which is 2 points below the national rate
  • In Texas in October and November there was a net gain of 70,000 positions compared to a National drop of 122,000 in this same period
  • Finance, Health and Education were the main drivers of this employment growth for Texas
  • Overall in 2008, while the US lost over 3 million jobs, Texas gained around 61,000 positions
  • Elsewhere California (381,000), North Carolina (134,000), Georgia (131,000) and Florida (118,000) had population gains in 2009
  • California remained the most populous state with 37 million and the US as a whole grew to 307 million people (annual increase of 0.86%)
  • Popular destinations for immigrants like New York and other North East locations have higher or equivalent unemployment rates than the National Average

So as you can see there have been a lot of interesting changes in the US throughout the course of 2009 and we hope this type of information will help guide your decision about where you might like to work, live and study in the US

CJ

TN-1 Visa for Canadian Citizens Wanting to Work In The US

The Canadian TN-1 visa is a very unique US work visa allowing Canadian citizens to work in the US in 3 year increments, renewable indefinitely in theory. (until Oct 2008, this was in 1 year increments).

The TN-1 visa (or more commonly known as the TN visa) is very widely known among US employer in the US as has been in place since 1994 as a result of NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) between Canada, Mexico and the United States. There is a similar TN-2 visa for Mexican citizens, with a slightly more thorough application procedure than applies for Canadians. Additionally there is provision for US citizen workers to work in Canada or Mexico in a similar vein.

The TN visa for Canadians bears some resemblance to the E3 visa for Australians in that it applies only to citizens of one country and is renewable indefinitely. However the TN visa related spouse visa, the TD visa, does not allow spouses to work (although they may study in the US). The E3D spouse visa does allow for spouses to work.

The TN visa has probably the easiest application process as for the primary visa holder (and for the spouse if she is a Canadian citizen), it does not require a US consular interview. This is unlike virtually any other work visa that exists for any nation. So also like the E3 visa, the cost and timing to apply is also far more straightforward than say the H-1B visa process.

Actually as there is no actual visa issued at a US consulate it is technically called TN Status rather than a TN visa.

The Application Process

Canadian citizens first need a job offer letter detailing the employment and the fact it is for no longer than 3 years. Additionally they need to bring qualifiations and experience proof which is usually a university degree and/or evidence of former employment in the occupation area. If the degree is from a US or Canadian Higher Education institution, no additional paperwork is required. However if from another country’s institution, usually as US degree equivalency certificate is needed.

Additionally proof of Canadian citizenship (and spouse citizenship) is required as well.

If the spouse is a non Canadian Citizen, the TD visa application will need to be done at a US consulate prior to entry in the

This paperwork is then brought to the border and it is usually and most easily done along the entries between the US and Canada. There is a required $50 fee. There is an additional $6 fee for a land or sea crossing that is already included in airline ticket prices if traveling via air.

The US immigration officer will then give a decision on the application on the spot and grant or deny TN status based on all the information given.

If the decision is to grant TN status, the Canadian immediately enters the US and begins TN employment.
If the decision is to deny, the immigration officer will often given details as to the missing pieces of information in the application.

Often a Canadian citizen can return in the next few days with these corrected and have their application approved under TN visa status. However is there is no procedure to appeal a TN visa denial.

To renew a TN visa or status is either via a mail in renewal or returning to the border.

To change employers on TN status, requires a completely new application, so a return to the border is required

Many people have their TN status renewed or changed without issue many times, although occasionally if an overzealous immigration officer is present, it may be denied.

The Job Category Restrictions

The TN visa has a much more restricted set of job categories than either the H-1B visa, E3 visa or even L-1 visa. For these other US work non-immigrant visa categories, the criteria is basically a specialty occupation which translated to virtually any profession requiring a bachelors degree with a few restrictions.

The TN visa has a defined set of occupations which in itself seems broad but depending on the assessing US Immigration officer may be strictly applied to a particular application. You can see the Official TN Visa page on the US State Department website for more information on the specific categories but it covers most of the common areas you would think of.

Dual Intent

Unlike the H1B visas and L1 visa which are defined as dual intent visas meaning that foreigners are specifically allowed to simultaneously apply for Permanent Residency (or Green Card) Status, the TN visa does not have a dual intent provision.

However like the E3 visa, it is not specifically prohibited either and so many Canadian citizens do successfully apply for a Green Card while on TN visa status.

Good Luck Canucks 🙂

CJ